Valence tautomerism in a high-valent manganese-oxo porphyrinoid complex induced by a Lewis acid.

Addition of the Lewis acid Zn(2+) to (TBP(8)Cz)Mn(V)(O) induces valence tautomerization, resulting in the formation of [(TBP(8)Cz(+•))Mn(IV)(O)-Zn(2+)]. This new species was characterized by UV-vis, EPR, the Evans method, and (1)H NMR and supported by DFT calculations. Removal of Zn(2+) quantitatively restores the starting material. Electron-transfer and hydrogen-atom-transfer reactions are strongly influenced by the presence of Zn(2+).

Generation of an isolable, monomeric manganese(V)-oxo complex from O2 and visible light.

The direct conversion of a Mn(III) complex [(TBP(8)Cz)Mn(III) (1)] to a Mn(V)-oxo complex [(TBP(8)Cz)Mn(V)(O) (2)] with O(2) and visible light is reported. Complex 1 is also shown to function as an active photocatalyst for the oxidation of PPh(3) to OPPh(3). Mechanistic studies indicate that the photogeneration of 2 does not involve singlet oxygen but rather likely occurs via a free-radical mechanism upon photoactivation of 1.

A manganese(V)-oxo π-cation radical complex: influence of one-electron oxidation on oxygen-atom transfer.

One-electron oxidation of Mn(V)-oxo corrolazine 2 affords 2(+), the first example of a Mn(V)(O) π-cation radical porphyrinoid complex, which was characterized by UV-vis, EPR, LDI-MS, and DFT methods. Access to 2 and 2(+) allowed for a direct comparison of their reactivities in oxygen-atom transfer (OAT) reactions. Both complexes are capable of OAT to PPh(3) and RSR substrates, and 2(+) was found to be a more potent oxidant than 2. Analysis of rate constants and activation parameters, together with DFT calculations, points to a concerted OAT mechanism for 2(+) and 2 and indicates that the greater electrophilicity of 2(+) likely plays a dominant role in enhancing its reactivity. These results are relevant to comparisons between Compound I and Compound II in heme enzymes.

Electron- and hydride-transfer reactivity of an isolable manganese(V)-oxo complex.

The electron-transfer and hydride-transfer properties of an isolated manganese(V)−oxo complex, (TBP8Cz)Mn(V)(O) (1) (TBP8Cz = octa-tert-butylphenylcorrolazinato) were determined by spectroscopic and kinetic methods. The manganese(V)−oxo complex 1 reacts rapidly with a series of ferrocene derivatives ([Fe(C5H4Me)2], [Fe(C5HMe4)2], and ([Fe(C5Me5)2] = Fc*) to give the direct formation of [(TBP8Cz)Mn(III)(OH)]− ([2-OH]−), a two-electron-reduced product. The stoichiometry of these electron-transfer reactions was found to be (Fc derivative)/1 = 2:1 by spectral titration. The rate constants of electron transfer from ferrocene derivatives to 1 at room temperature in benzonitrile were obtained, and the successful application of Marcus theory allowed for the determination of the reorganization energies (λ) of electron transfer. The λ values of electron transfer from the ferrocene derivatives to 1 are lower than those reported for a manganese(IV)−oxo porphyrin. The presumed one-electron-reduced intermediate, a Mn(IV) complex, was not observed during the reduction of 1. However, a Mn(IV) complex was successfully generated via one-electron oxidation of the Mn(III) precursor complex 2 to give [(TBP8Cz)Mn(IV)]+ (3). Complex 3 exhibits a characteristic absorption band at λ(max) = 722 nm and an EPR spectrum at 15 K with g(max)' = 4.68, g(mid)' = 3.28, and g(min)' = 1.94, with well-resolved 55Mn hyperfine coupling, indicative of a d3 Mn(IV)S = 3/2 ground state. Although electron transfer from [Fe(C5H4Me)2] to 1 is endergonic (uphill), two-electron reduction of 1 is made possible in the presence of proton donors (e.g., CH3CO2H, CF3CH2OH, and CH3OH). In the case of CH3CO2H, saturation behavior for the rate constants of electron transfer (k(et)) versus acid concentration was observed, providing insight into the critical involvement of H+ in the mechanism of electron transfer. Complex 1 was also shown to be competent to oxidize a series of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) analogues via formal hydride transfer to produce the corresponding NAD+ analogues and [2-OH]−. The logarithms of the observed second-order rate constants of hydride transfer (k(H)) from NADH analogues to 1 are linearly correlated with those of hydride transfer from the same series of NADH analogues to p-chloranil.